Jan 17, 2018 · The cost of the project was 21 less in 1913. George Wittet was the main architect of the gate and it was built in the Indo-Saracenic Architectural style.The diameter of the gate is 49 feet and it is 85 feet high. Archaeological Survey of India is the current owner of this historical monument. Gateway of India Location and How to Reach Use your Uber account to order delivery from The Gateway of India in Cardiff. Browse the menu, view popular items and track your order. Create a business account; Add your restaurant; ... Location and hours. 236 Pantbach Rd, Cardiff, EMEA CF14 6AG. Sunday: 17:00-22:30Monday: 16:00-21:00Tuesday: 15:00-22:30Wednesday - Saturday: 12:00-22:30The movie starring Judy Davis, Victor Banerjee and Peggy Ashcroft was shot at more than 2 locations, including Gateway Of India Mumbai in Mumbai, India. All the filming locations of A Passage to India are listed below. STORY. Set during the period of growing influence of the Indian independence movement in the British Raj, the story begins with ...Drive • 2h 31m. Drive from Vapi (Station) to Gateway of India 181.3 km. ₹1,700 - ₹2,600. Quickest way to get there Cheapest option Distance between.The sailing venue is opposite the entrance of Taj Hotel at Gateway of India. Below is the address. Jetty No. 5, Opposite Main Entrance of Taj Hotel, Near Gateway of India, Colaba, Mumbai – 4000 01. The address, and all related details will also be sent to you via email and WhatsApp after you make a booking.The Gateway of India is a monument to the history of the country, as well as a symbol of new independence and resilience. The eclectic Indo-Saracenic style of the gateway is a combination of Gothic Revival with several Indian and Islamic motifs. ... Explore iconic locations in 3D, discover the tools of digital preservation, and download CyArk ...Without question, one of Mumbai's top tourist attractions is the Gateway of India, and it looks out over the Arabian Sea while proudly perched on the Apollo Bunder. The monument's massive structure, which blends Indian, Arabic, and Western architectural styles beautifully, has become a well-liked tourist destination in the area.Gateway of India. This 26-meter-tall (85-foot-tall) colonial monument that looks out over Mumbai Harbour is one of the city’s best-known landmarks. Built by the British as a triumphal arch to commemorate the 1911 visit of King George V to what was then called Bombay, it was also the site from where British troops in 1948 left India as …437 reviews #16 of 262 Quick Bites in Cardiff ₹₹ - ₹₹₹ Quick Bites Indian Asian. 236 Pantbach Road Rhiwbina, Cardiff CF14 6AG Wales +44 29 2052 9029 Website Menu. Open now : 3:00 PM - 10:30 PM. Improve this listing.Jan 17, 2018 · The cost of the project was 21 less in 1913. George Wittet was the main architect of the gate and it was built in the Indo-Saracenic Architectural style.The diameter of the gate is 49 feet and it is 85 feet high. Archaeological Survey of India is the current owner of this historical monument. Gateway of India Location and How to Reach One such relic is Gateway of India in Mumbai. A colossal basalt arch, it is dedicated to the first British monarchs to step foot onto the country’s soil. Its construction began in 1911 to celebrate King George V’s arrival in 1913. However, it was only completed in 1924 - a mere 24 years before India shook off its colonial shackles.The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, Maharashtra. It was erected to commemorate the landing in December 1911 at Apollo Bunder, Mumbai of King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress Mary, the first British monarch to visit India. After its construction, the gateway was used as a ...437 reviews #16 of 262 Quick Bites in Cardiff ₹₹ - ₹₹₹ Quick Bites Indian Asian. 236 Pantbach Road Rhiwbina, Cardiff CF14 6AG Wales +44 29 2052 9029 Website Menu. Open now : 3:00 PM - 10:30 PM. Improve this listing.LOCATION DETAILS. The Gateway of India is an arch monument built during the 20th century in Mumbai, India. The monument was erected to commemorate the landing of King-Emperor George V and Queen-Empress Mary at Apollo Bunder on their visit to India in 1911. Built in Indo-Saracenic style, the foundation stone for the Gateway of India was …The structure of the Gateway of India resembles the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. The last ship of the Britishers left the Gateway of India in 1947. Gateway of India is close to India's most luxurious hotel - The Taj Palace. The construction finished in 1924, and the completion cost was about INR 24 lakh. Best hotels near Gateway of IndiaSep 1, 2021 · The Gateway of India’s structural design consists of a huge arch with a height of 26 meters (85 feet). The monument is made of indissoluble concrete and yellow basalt. The Indo-Saracenic architecture, designed by Scottish architect George Wittet, combines aspects of a Roman triumphal arch with Islamic architecture. State: Maharashtra. Location: Mumbai. Architectural style: Indo Saracenic. Construction started: 31st March 1913. When was it completed: 1924. Architect: …Are you a vintage car enthusiast? Do you dream of owning a classic beauty that turns heads wherever it goes? Look no further than Gateway Classic Cars, where a treasure trove of ic...Here’s more information about the Gateway of India: Gateway of India History. As mentioned earlier, the Gateway of India was built during the British colonial era to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to Mumbai in 1911. It holds historical significance as it was the ceremonial entrance for British viceroys and …Gateway of India Brisbane; Gateway of India, Springwood; Get Menu, Reviews, Contact, Location, Phone Number, Maps and more for Gateway of India Restaurant on Zomato Serves Indian. Cost A$30 for two people (approx.)Situated on the Apollo Bunder overlooking the Arabian Sea, the Gateway of India was designed to …May 23, 2022 · Location. The Gateway of India is built in Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and the most populous city of India. The foundation stone was laid by the then Governor, Sir George Sydenham Clarke on March 31, 1911. The design of the gateway was created by an architect named George Wittet from Scotland. Companies such as Reliance of India, which operate a business in another country, often have numerous physical addresses and telephone numbers. This makes locating their main addre...Very safe & convenient location in the middle of a typical market, close from the airport (Domestic & international), all shops, restaurants, public transportation and a small hospital. A bit far from Gateway of India (~1 hour) but a Uber will cost you between ₹400 and ₹800.Sep 12, 2023 · The Gateway of India is a prominent monument located in Mumbai, India. This historic landmark was built in 1924 to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to India, and has since become a symbol of the city’s rich cultural heritage. Today, the Gateway of India is a popular tourist attraction and is […] Gateway Of India In Hindi : गेटवे ऑफ इंडिया भारत में 20 वीं शताब्दी के दौरान बनाया गया एक ऐतिहासिक स्मारक है। यह मुंबई के दक्षिण अरब सागर के किनारे छत्रपति शिवाजी महाराज ...Bible Gateway is an online resource that provides access to the Bible in multiple translations, languages, and audio formats. It is a great tool for personal devotion time and can ... 3D/2N. ₹ 8500. View Details. All Mumbai Tour Packages. Gateway of India near Mumbai - find timings, best season to visit, time required to visit, distance, near by places, location with route map & directions and photos. The folks over at Flickr have put together a page that showcases a bunch of ways to extend Flickr. The page serves to introduce consumers to some of the neat things you can do and ...Another unique and scenic way to reach the Gateway of India is by taking a ferry from various locations in Mumbai, such as Colaba, Elephanta Island, and Alibaug. These ferry services offer a breathtaking view of the Mumbai skyline and the Arabian Sea. Depending on the starting point, ferry services can take you directly to the Gateway of …Mumbai, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra. A complete information source on the city of Bombay, now known as Mumbai. Includes Mumbai city Map, Mumbai's rails, roads, hospitals ...The Gateway Of India and India Gate are two distinct monuments located in different cities in India, and they serve different historical and symbolic purposes.. Gateway of India: Location: Mumbai, Maharashtra. Purpose: The Gateway of India was built to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen Mary to Mumbai in 1911. It served …Geographically this town is divided into seven significant portions like South Mumbai, South Central Mumbai, North Central, Western Suburbs, Central Suburbs, …Gateway of India. Login Basket. Basket [0] Starters Chicken Lamb Prawns Vegetarian Biryani Thalis to Share Tandoori Specialities Rice Sides & Sauces Sundries My Store: Rhiwbina. Added to basket Quantity: View Basket ...The Gateway of India is located in Apollo Bunder area of South Mumbai. The monument overlooks the majestic Arabian Sea. It is found at the end of the …Jan 17, 2018 · The cost of the project was 21 less in 1913. George Wittet was the main architect of the gate and it was built in the Indo-Saracenic Architectural style.The diameter of the gate is 49 feet and it is 85 feet high. Archaeological Survey of India is the current owner of this historical monument. Gateway of India Location and How to Reach Find here location of Gateway of India Express. Come here for authentic curry house offering traditional Indian curries and homemade breads baked fresh in the restaurant’s clay oven. For a better experience on Gateway of India, update your browser. The Gateway of India is located on the waterfront at Apollo Bunder area at the end of Chhatrapati Shivaji Marg in South Mumbai and overlooks the Arabian Sea. The …The Gateway of India is a 26-meter-high archway located in the city of Mumbai, India. It was built during the British Raj in 1924 and is considered one of the most important landmarks of Mumbai. The Gateway of India is a popular tourist destination and offers a variety of activities and sights for visitors to enjoy, including ferry trips to the ...We serve North and South Indian food, and Jain food cooked by our experienced Indian Chef with the traditional blend of Indian spices and traditional clay oven cooking “Tandoor”. Location: Gateway Of India – Sanur. Jl.Danau Tamblingan no: …In today’s digital age, accessing religious texts has never been easier. With the advent of technology, you can now conveniently study and explore the Bible right from your laptop....May 23, 2022 · Location. The Gateway of India is built in Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and the most populous city of India. The foundation stone was laid by the then Governor, Sir George Sydenham Clarke on March 31, 1911. The design of the gateway was created by an architect named George Wittet from Scotland. Use your Uber account to order delivery from The Gateway of India in Cardiff. Browse the menu, view popular items and track your order. Create a business account; Add your restaurant; ... Location and hours. 236 Pantbach Rd, Cardiff, EMEA CF14 6AG. Sunday: 17:00-22:30Monday: 16:00-21:00Tuesday: 15:00-22:30Wednesday - Saturday: 12:00-22:30It is located on the waterfront at an angle, opposite the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel and overlooks the Arabian Sea. Today, the monument is synonymous with …Information: The Gateway of India is situated in the Colaba district of Mumbai, overlooking the Arabian Sea. It is built from yellow basalt and reinforced …Menu - Check out the Menu of Gateway of India Denpasar Selatan, Bali at Zomato for Delivery, Dine-out or Takeaway. ... Detect current location. Using GPS. Log in; Sign up; Home / Indonesia / Bali / Denpasar Selatan / Gateway of India / Gateway of India Menu / View Gallery. Gateway of India. 3.6. 33. Reviews. Indian, Pakistani. Denpasar Selatan ...The Gateway of India is an arch-monument completed in 1924 on the waterfront of Mumbai, India. ... Location: Mumbai, Mumbai District, Maharashtra, Western India, India, South Asia, Asia; View on OpenStreetMap; Latitude. 18.92196° or …Without question, one of Mumbai's top tourist attractions is the Gateway of India, and it looks out over the Arabian Sea while proudly perched on the Apollo Bunder. The monument's massive structure, which blends Indian, Arabic, and Western architectural styles beautifully, has become a well-liked tourist destination in the area.The Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early twentieth century in the city of Mumbai, in the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is considered the "National passageway to India This page was last changed on 8 August 2022, at 11:24. Text is available under the ...Feb 19, 2015 · Oct 2019. The Gateway of India is an iconic structure, which is located on the waterfront at Apollo Bunder area overlooking the Arabian Sea. The view is the most impressive when looking from the sea, with the backdrop of the Taj Mahal Hotel. We were there in October and the site was extremely crowded and chaotic. Section 5 : Location and City. India Gate is located in New Delhi, the capital city of India. It stands in the heart of the city, near the Rajpath and in close proximity to other significant landmarks like the Rashtrapati Bhavan and Indian Parliament. On the other hand, the Gateway of India is situated in Mumbai, the financial capital of India ...The Bible is an ancient text full of wisdom and insight, and Bible Gateway provides an invaluable tool for unlocking its power. Bible Gateway is a free online resource that allows ...Located at the tip of Apollo Bunder, the gateway overlooks the Mumbai harbor, bordered by the Arabian Sea in the Colaba district. At one point of time, this monument represented the grandeur of the British Raj in India. The main objective behind the construction of the Gateway of India was to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen ...May 23, 2022 · Location. The Gateway of India is built in Mumbai, the capital of Maharashtra and the most populous city of India. The foundation stone was laid by the then Governor, Sir George Sydenham Clarke on March 31, 1911. The design of the gateway was created by an architect named George Wittet from Scotland. The Gateway of India is a 26-meter-high archway located in the city of Mumbai, India. It was built during the British Raj in 1924 and is considered one of the most important landmarks of Mumbai. The Gateway of India is a popular tourist destination and offers a variety of activities and sights for visitors to enjoy, including ferry trips to the ...Gateway of India, northwest elevation · Mumbai, Maharashtra, India · Images of the same structure · Architecture images of the same country.Rome2Rio makes travelling from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to Gateway of India easy. Rome2Rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. Find all the transport options for your trip from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to Gateway of India right here. Rome2Rio displays up to date schedules ...The sailing venue is opposite the entrance of Taj Hotel at Gateway of India. Below is the address. Jetty No. 5, Opposite Main Entrance of Taj Hotel, Near Gateway of India, Colaba, Mumbai – 4000 01. The address, and all related details will also be sent to you via email and WhatsApp after you make a booking. Mumbai – (022) 22885220, 22885221. Below are PNP Maritime Ferry timings: From Gateway of India. From Alibaug. From Mandwa. 08:15 AM. 06:15 AM. 07:10 AM. Drive • 2h 31m. Drive from Vapi (Station) to Gateway of India 181.3 km. ₹1,700 - ₹2,600. Quickest way to get there Cheapest option Distance between.Sep 19, 2022 · The construction of the Gateway of India began on March 31, 1913. In August 1914, George Wittet’s design got approval for construction. From the years 1915 to 1919, the renewal work at Apollo Pier took place and a new sea wall was built. The foundation work of the colossal structure was completed in 1920. The Gateway of India, Mumbai, is ... The sailing venue is opposite the entrance of Taj Hotel at Gateway of India. Below is the address. Jetty No. 5, Opposite Main Entrance of Taj Hotel, Near Gateway of India, Colaba, Mumbai – 4000 01. The address, and all related details will also be sent to you via email and WhatsApp after you make a booking.Rating: | 4 / 5 stars. Based on total 64 reviews. Gateway of India Mumbai Address: Apollo Bandar, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400001, India. Improve This Listing. If there is any landmark that the city of Mumbai can easily be identified with, it is unarguably the Gateway of India. This iconic waterfront monument dates back to the British Era ...Business Hotel in Mumbai. Apollo Bunder, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400001, India. +91 22-6665 3000 /For Room Reservations : +91 22-6480 4425. [email protected]. Rustam Patell, the architect and designer of The Taj Mahal Tower, worked within the L-shaped structure which was conceived of by the …Gateway of India. Gateway of India. Sign in. Open full screen to view more. This map was created by a user. Learn how to create your own. ...The Gate Way of India is an iconic reminder of India’s colonial past. Located in the city of Mumbai the gateway offers a spectacular view to anyone looking towards the sea or approaching Mumbai through Sea. It serves as a connecting point for boat rides to and from the famous Elephanta Caves. Gateway of India is an arch-monument built in the early 20th century in the city of (Bombay), India. It was erected to commemorate the landing of King-Emperor George V, the first British monarch to visit India, in December 1911 at Strand Road near Wellington Fountain. The foundation stone was laid in March 1913 for a monument built in the Indo ... The Gateway of India is one of Mumbai’s most iconic monuments and landmarks. The construction of the Gateway of India was commenced in 1911 and was completed 13 years later in 1924 in order to ... The Gateway of India is located in South Mumbai, in the state of Maharashtra, India. The Gateway of India is built with yellow basalt (extrusive volcanic rock) and concrete. The architecture of the Gateway is purely Indo-Saracenic (combination of Indian and Islamic architecture) style. The arch of the gateway is about 26 meters; the dome at the center …List of Major Sea Ports in India. Sea Port Name. Location. Chennai Port or Madras Port. Chennai, Madras. Haldia (Kolkata Dock System & Haldia Dock Complex) Kolkata. Jawaharlal Nehru Port, also ...The global economy has made the world smaller. And thanks to the internet, anyone can take advantage of booming markets no matter where they are located geographically. Most online...Morocco, a captivating country located in the northwest corner of Africa, is a destination that offers travelers a unique blend of vibrant culture and rich history. Nestled between...38 Free images of Gateway Of India. Hundreds of gateway of india images to choose from. Free high resolution picture download. Royalty-free images. 1. india. maharashtra. architecture. Find images of Gateway Of India Royalty-free No …In today’s digital age, it is essential for businesses to offer convenient and secure payment options to their customers. One popular choice is PayPal, a widely recognized and trus...May 21, 2019 · Gateway of India: History. The Gateway of India was constructed in 1911 to honor the visit and the landing of Queen Mary and King George V at Apollo Bundar. The grand arch monument was designed by a Scottish architect named George Wittet while Sir George Clarke, who was serving as the Governor of Bombay during those times, laid the foundation ... Situated on the Apollo Bunder overlooking the Arabian Sea, the Gateway of India was designed to …Published Date: 21-May-2019. Summer, winter, spring or monsoon, the Gateway of India is one of the favorite hangout spots for Mumbaikars. It also counts among … The structure of the Gateway of India resembles the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. The last ship of the Britishers left the Gateway of India in 1947. Gateway of India is close to India's most luxurious hotel - The Taj Palace. The construction finished in 1924, and the completion cost was about INR 24 lakh. Best hotels near Gateway of India A sprawling 645,000-square-meter data facility is going up on the top of the world to power data exchange between China and its neighboring countries in South Asia. The cloud compu...Image Credit: The Gateway of India, with its regal arches, stands guard facing the Arabian Sea at Apollo Bunder in bustling Colaba area of Mumbai. The most popular tourist attraction, it is the …Rome2Rio makes travelling from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to Gateway of India easy. Rome2Rio is a door-to-door travel information and booking engine, helping you get to and from any location in the world. Find all the transport options for your trip from Lokmanya Tilak Terminus to Gateway of India right here. Rome2Rio displays up to date schedules ...In today’s digital age, accessing religious texts has never been easier. With the advent of technology, you can now conveniently study and explore the Bible right from your laptop....Taj Mahal Palace, Colaba, Mumbai 400001 India. 2 minutes from Gateway of India. Swami Vivekanand Statue. 1 Review. Wrfm+4vh, Apollo Bandar, Colaba, Mumbai, Maharasht, Mumbai India. 2 minutes from Gateway of India. Sukho Thai. 7 Reviews. B K Boman Behram Marg Behind Hotel Taj, Florence House, Mumbai 400001 India.Located at the tip of Apollo Bunder, the gateway overlooks the Mumbai harbor, bordered by the Arabian Sea in the Colaba district. At one point of time, this monument represented the grandeur of the British Raj in India. The main objective behind the construction of the Gateway of India was to commemorate the visit of King George V and Queen ...Gateway of India : India Gate : Location- मुंबई, समुद्र किनारे स्थित : Location- दिल्ली, राजपथ पर स्थित : Height-26 m: Height-42 m: निर्माण वर्ष- 1924: निर्माण वर्ष- 1931:What companies run services between Bandra Terminus, India and Gateway of India? Mumbai Suburban Railway operates a train from Bandra to Churchgate every 5 minutes. Tickets cost ₹7 - ₹9 and the journey takes 29 min. Mumbai Suburban Railway AC also services this route every 30 minutes. Alternatively, Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and ...Gateway of India Brisbane, Springwood; View reviews, menu, contact, location, and more for Gateway of India Restaurant. By using this site you agree to Zomato's use of cookies to give you a personalised experience. Please read the cookie policy for more information or to delete/block them.Visiting Time 7:00 AM to 5:30 PM on all days of the week. Duration of Visit 1 - 2 Hours. Gateway of India situated in Mumbai is one of the most famous structures in India. This place is also the entrance point of India if you are coming from the seaways. British architect George Wittet designed this building structure.The Gateway of India is a 26-meter-high archway located in the city of Mumbai, India. It was built during the British Raj in 1924 and is considered one of the most important landmarks of Mumbai. The Gateway of India is a popular tourist destination and offers a variety of activities and sights for visitors to enjoy, including ferry trips to the ...The Gateway of India is a 26-meter-high archway located in the city of Mumbai, India. It was built during the British Raj in 1924 and is considered one of the most important landmarks of Mumbai. The Gateway of India is a popular tourist destination and offers a variety of activities and sights for visitors to enjoy, including ferry trips to the ...
Mumbai Suburban Railway operates a train from Andheri to Mumbai CST every 30 minutes. Tickets cost ₹9 - ₹190 and the journey takes 44 min. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Andheri East to Gateway of India via Mahim Phatak, Mahim, and Holi Name Vidyalaya in around 1h 40m. Train operators. Mumbai Suburban Railway.. Fingerhut homepage
The Gateway of India is located on the waterfront at Apollo Bunder area at the end of Chhatrapati Shivaji Marg in South Mumbai and overlooks the Arabian Sea. The …The India Gate (formerly known as All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located near the Kartavya path on the eastern edge of the "ceremonial axis" of New Delhi, formerly called Rajpath.It stands as a memorial to 74,187 soldiers of the Indian Army who died between 1914 and 1921 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia, Persia, East …Places. Discover. Travelogues. Tour Packages. Gateway of India. The arch-monument, Gateway of India which is a beautiful tourist attraction. this built-in 20th century in film city of Mumbai. It is …The primary difference between the two is the location of the monuments. India Gate is located in New Delhi, which is the capital of India; whereas the Gateway of India is located in Mumbai, which is the financial capital and the biggest city of India. Another significant difference between the two is the reason that the monuments were built.Dec 8, 2016 ... The nearest railway station to gateway of India is Churchgate. It is also referred to as Veer Nariman Street, which is a top tier location in ...Located on Gateway Blvd., Holiday Inn Express 4485 Gateway Blvd. is the perfect destination for both business and leisure travelers in Edmonton. With its convenient location, comfo... 3D/2N. ₹ 8500. View Details. All Mumbai Tour Packages. Gateway of India near Mumbai - find timings, best season to visit, time required to visit, distance, near by places, location with route map & directions and photos. Find the perfect gateway of india location stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing. Gateway of India, George Town: See 93 unbiased reviews of Gateway of India, rated 4 of 5 on Tripadvisor and ranked #41 of 131 restaurants in George Town. ... sit in restaurant but was very happy to hear when it closed that take out food would still be available from another location as the food is very good.09418 262 963. Quick Gateway of India Mumbai Facts. Type: Monument. Architectural style: Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture. Height of Gateway of …It is located on the waterfront at an angle, opposite the Taj Mahal Palace and Tower Hotel and overlooks the Arabian Sea. Today, the monument is synonymous with …Mumbai Suburban Railway operates a train from Goregaon to Mumbai CST every 30 minutes. Tickets cost ₹10 - ₹210 and the journey takes 54 min. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Goregaon East to Gateway of India via Mahim Phatak, Mahim, and Holi Name Vidyalaya in around 2h 2m. Train operators. Mumbai Suburban Railway. The Gateway of India is, without doubt, one of the most popular tourist hotspots of Mumbai. Sitting proudly on the Apollo Bunder, it overlooks the Arabian Sea. It is one of the defining monuments of the city of Mumbai and was built in the year 1924. The construction was undertaken by the famous architect George Wittet, to commemorate the visit ... The India Gate (formerly known as All India War Memorial) is a war memorial located near the Kartavya path on the eastern edge of the "ceremonial axis" of New Delhi, formerly called Rajpath. It stands as a memorial to 74,187 soldiers of the Indian Army who died between 1914 and 1921 in the First World War, in France, Flanders, Mesopotamia ... .