Calories burned by bike riding - On average, the difference in calories burned per hour between upright bikes and recumbent bikes is about 20% (calories burned upright = calorie burned recumbent * 0.8). For example, if you burn 500 calories on an upright bike, then you would burn about 400 calories on a recumbent bike of the same resistance level and time spent exercising .

 
Nov 19, 2021 · Every cyclist requires a different amount of calories per day. The most straightforward way to figure out how many calories per day you need to keep your body running is to calculate your Basal ... . Vegetarian restaurants asheville

2. Calorie burn. The number of calories you burn in either exercise depends on the intensity and length of time you do it. In general, running burns more calories than cycling because it uses more ...The heaviest rider on a RadRover fat tire e-bike using Level 1 pedal assist (bless his heart… and quads) burned 325 calories on the ride, or a very respectable 650 cal/hr rate. That definitely ...Calories Burned While Cycling. Speed and weight determine calories burned: 15 mph = 0.049 calories per pound per minute; ... As a 220-pound cyclist, it costs me 43 calories per mile to ride. Toss the trailer on there and I’m burning roughly (very roughly) 60 calories per mile.Jul 8, 2019 · Calories Burned on Stationary Bikes. According to Harvard Health Publishing, a 155-pound person cycling at a moderate pace will burn about 260 calories in 30 minutes, and a 125-person will burn less, about 210 calories. Likewise, a 155-pound person cycling at a vigorous pace will burn about 391 calories in 30 minutes, while a 125-person will ... At a moderate intensity (5.5 miles/Hr.), an individual with a bodyweight of 130 pounds or 59kg will burn about 3.5 calories every minute. On average, that is about 210 calories per hour. Suppose this same person decides to …Easy riding, such as when commuting or soft-pedalling, burns about 300 calories per hour. Moderate riding, when you’re working reasonably hard and getting a bit of a sweat on, burns about 600 calories per hour. Hard riding, such as when racing or going flat out up a climb, burns about 1,000 calories per hour. Measuring your calorie burnThe faster you make your bike go, the more calories you burn. A light ride of 10 to 11.9 mph burns 844 calories for a 155-pound person. Go at a vigorous 14- to 15.9-mph pace and burn 1,408 calories. When you are racing at paces of 16 to 19 mph, expect to sizzle 1,688 calories in two hours. Of course, these values assume you are zooming …On average, a person weighing 150 pounds can burn between 240 and 600 calories in an hour of mountain biking, while a person weighing 200 pounds can burn between 320 and 800 calories. The intensity of the ride plays a significant role in determining the number of calories burned. Riding at a higher intensity, such as pedaling uphill or riding ...Jan 18, 2024 · The formula to calculate the calories you may burn while biking is: Calories = T × 60 × MET × 3.5 × W / 200. where: T – Duration of activity in hours; W – Your weight in kilograms; and; MET – Metabolic equivalent of the chosen task. This formula will give you the calories you burnt in terms of kcal. A dedicated cycling calorie burn calculator simplifies the process of tracking caloric expenditure. This tool offers a user-friendly interface, enabling riders to input their cycling parameters easily. It delivers personalized insights, empowering cyclists to set realistic fitness targets.How do we calculate the amount of calories burned with Cycling 16 mph? This calculation uses the MET value (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) of Cycling 16 mph. The MET value of Cycling 16 mph = 11. We multiply the MET value with the person\'s body weight in kilogram. Then we multiply this with 0.0175 and the duration in minutes. A person weighs ...Mar 29, 2021 · Like any form of cardiovascular exercise, biking indoor and outdoor burns calories. However, the amount you burn depends on factors like the intensity, terrain, your weight, and duration. For example, a 155-pound person can burn 260 calories in 30 minutes of cycling at a moderate pace on a stationary bike. Increase the intensity to vigorous ... * Cycling - Bike Tracker app allows you to set a goal that's right for you (number of burned calories, distance traveled or riding bike time, number of workouts) and get notification when they accomplish. * No locked Features, all features are 100% FREE. You can use all features without having to pay for them.1. Electric Bike: – Provides pedal assist, which means it helps you maintain speed with less effort. – Burns around 200 to 400 calories per hour, depending on factors like terrain, intensity level, and rider weight. – Offers adjustable assistance levels that allow riders to choose how much effort they want to exert. 2.The CDC recommends adults aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity cardio per week. Since bike riding is considered aerobic exercise (aka cardio) that means if you are looking to take up ...Mountain bikes can be tons of fun, and riding them can be great exercise. Manufacturers also continue to make big changes and improvements. If you’re new to biking or just picking ...Aug 29, 2022 · On average, you need 3,500 more calories burned than you consume to lose one pound. That equates to burning 500 calories every day to lose one pound a week. Stationary bike riding can see you burn 300–700 kcal every hour if you go at a moderate intensity. That depends on the intensity of your workout, and how much you weigh. Here’s an example of a 200-pound man riding 10 miles: 10 miles per hour = 400 calories. 12 miles per hour = 600 calories. 14 miles per hour = 1100 calories. Keep in mind that it isn’t the calories that matter. We can quickly reduce calories by eating less.Of course, they provide an approximate result based on your weight, how long you biked for, the distance, and the speed. According to Harvard, a 155-pound person can burn 252 calories in 30 minutes while riding a stationary bike at a moderate effort. On the other hand, if the intensity is changed to vigorous, the same person can burn 369 calories.18 Dec 2014 ... Obviously, tons of variables with one's output on each ride but for me, a 10-12 mile, 1200 - 1500' climb ride will yield about 1000-1200 ...18 Dec 2020 ... Based on other accepted calculations, a 1000 calorie ride only comes in at 500 calories on the Sense. Actually, walking and cycling are about ...Calories burned with Cycling (weight: 180 lbs) MET 15 min. 30 min. 45 min. 60 min. Cycling: 7.2: 154: 309: 463: 617: Cycling - Racing (20 mph) 14.8: 317: 634: 952: 1269: Cycling 10 mph: 6.2: 133 ... How do we calculate the amount of calories burned with Mountain Biking? This calculation uses the MET value (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) …8 Jan 2024 ... This will burn approximately 500 calories per cycling session, setting you on track to meet average weekly exercise goals. Is 30 minutes of ...Cycling Calorie Calculator. Weight. Enter your weight. Weight: lb kg st & lb. Distance. How far did you cycle? Distance: miles kilometres. Duration/Pace. Enter either the cycling … Walking, 3.0 mph, 75cm pace. Rope jumping, moderate, general. Yoga. Learn how many calories you burn from Bicycling, <10 mph, leisure (cycling, biking, bike riding). Find calories burned from hundreds of activities in MyFitnessPal.com's exercise database. May 2010. Kim - I don't know if this will help or not....but I have a walking route that involves two huge hills, it's 3.1 miles. The difference between walking by myself and pushing the stroller with kids (double stroller, 3.5 year-old is 34 pounds, 2-month old is 12.5 pounds plus his carseat) is about 150 calories.A 185-pound person will burn 294 calories in 30 minutes of a “moderate” stationary bike workout. If you push the pace a bit harder, really put some effort into cycling at a more vigorous pace and tackling more advanced …Yes No. 0social. The Calories Burnt Whilst Cycling Calculator shows how many calories you burn when cycling. Depending on the type of pace you set yourself when riding your bike, the Cycling Calorie Counter adjusts its results accordignly to provide an accurate total number of calories burned which is specific to your workout.You can burn a high number of calories riding your bike down the road, mountain biking over trails, or taking Spin classes at your gym. Along with burning calories and helping …The 150-pound person riding a bike at a light pace of 5.5 miles per hour will burn 136 calories. If the ride is at a moderate cycling pace of 12 to 13 miles per hour, they’ll burn 272 calories. And if they’re riding at a fast cycling speed of 16 to 19 miles per hour, they’d have burned 408 calories in 30 minutes and about 800 calories per ...Nov 2, 2023 · Meanwhile, though unicycles seem the hardest to operate, you burn 163 calories more riding a stationary bike. Calories burned biking by weight. A person weighing 205 lbs will burn 425 more calories than a 130-lb person, going at a very vigorous speed biking for an hour. In doing the same task for the same amount of time, more energy is exerted ... Jul 17, 2020 · In fact, according to the Harvard Health Letter, a 155-pound person can burn as many as 298 calories in a 30-minute bike ride, if they pedal at a 12-to-13.9 mile-per-hour pace. A person who weighs ... Jun 20, 2023 · Thus, walking the whole 8 kilometers, or 10,000 steps, will burn about 371 kcal. Cycling at a moderate pace of 20 kilometers per hour (12 miles per hour) burns about 563 calories every hour. And the difference becomes much more apparent when the intensity is increased. A fast walking pace of 6.5 kilometers per hour (4 miles per hour) burns 352 ... Mass burned: grams. (fat and/or muscle) Someone weighting 70 Kg or 154.3 lb bike riding burns 280.0 calories in 30 minutes. This value is roughtly equivalent to 0.08 pound or 1.28 ounce or 36.3 grams of mass (fat and/or muscle). bike riding 3 times a week for 30 minutes will burn 0.96 pound or 0.44 Kg a month.In general, most people burn more calories riding an exercise bike than walking. For example, 30 minutes of walking at a moderate pace of 3.5 miles per hour (17 minutes per mile) burn about half ...Range. The American Council on Exercise cites data indicating that stationary bike users burn 0.05 to 0.22 calories per minute per kilogram of body weight. The low end of this scale is for low energy outputs of 50 watts, while the high end is for 250 watts. The more you weigh or the faster you pedal, the more calories you'll burn.Harvard Health Publishing suggests that people with a body weight of 185 pounds burn about 311 calories in 30 minutes of moderate stationary biking and 466 calories after a half-hour of vigorous riding. Basically, no matter your body size, adding resistance is a time-efficient way to burn more calories during your bike ride.18 Dec 2020 ... Based on other accepted calculations, a 1000 calorie ride only comes in at 500 calories on the Sense. Actually, walking and cycling are about ...Oct 27, 2023 · According to the calories burned biking tool, a 200 lb person who rides for an hour and travels 10 miles will burn 648 calories. For a 150 lb person who bikes for an hour and a half for a distance of 25 miles, they’ll have burned around 1286 calories . More and more people are making the decision to buy a bike. Riding a bike provides great exercise, a traffic-free mode of transportation and, potentially, a lot of fun. Figuring ou...At least without some sort of medical reason for appetite suppression. But one would not build any muscle at such an absurd caloric deficit. BMR of say, 1600 kcal, plus say 200kcal from moving around, plus 1400 cycling is a total of 3,200 kcal burned per day, a deficit of 1,600 according to what OP states they eat.Going from kJs to Calories — The Math. Say you get done with a workout and your power meter reads you had a 1500kJ ride. How can we approximate Calories burned going from kJ to Calories? We’ll simply divide the total kJ by 4.184, then factor in the efficiency. See below: 1500 ÷ 4.184 = 358.51. A rider’s GME is now factored in:As an example, let's consider the calories burned from a 10 mile bike ride. If a person who weighs 155 pounds (73 kg) bikes for 10 miles at a moderate pace, they would burn approximately 480 calories. However, a person weighing 198 pounds (90 kg) would burn approximately 620 calories biking the same distance at the same pace.13 Jul 2022 ... Join Javan in this fast and furious bike ride of 30 minutes. Try to burn 500 calories in only 30 minutes. Let us know what you think!Aug 3, 2018 · 2. Calorie burn. The number of calories you burn in either exercise depends on the intensity and length of time you do it. In general, running burns more calories than cycling because it uses more ... Moving on to the duration of your electric bike ride and calorie burn, it’s worth noting that weight and body composition are just a few of the factors that influence calorie burn. The Duration of Your Electric Bike Ride and Calorie Burn. During your e-bike ride, the duration of your workout directly impacts the number of calories you’ll ...Calories burned with Cycling (weight: 180 lbs) MET 15 min. 30 min. 45 min. 60 min. Cycling: 7.2: 154: 309: 463: 617: Cycling - Racing (20 mph) 14.8: 317: 634: 952: 1269: Cycling 10 mph: 6.2: 133 ... How do we calculate the amount of calories burned with Mountain Biking? This calculation uses the MET value (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) …A 155-pound (70 kg) person riding a stationary bike for 15 minutes a day could burn an extra 896 calories or about 0.26 pounds (0.11 kg) of body fat a week. If the same person implements this stationary bike routine for four weeks, they can burn an extra 3584 calories or about 1.02 pounds (0.45 kg) of body fat.More From Bicycling. For example, cycling about 12 mph comes in at 8 METs, which means a 150-pound (68-kilogram) rider may burn more than 540 calories …calories burned = 30 min × (14 × 3.5) × 140 ÷ 2.2 200. calories burned = 468 calories. If this same woman bikes at the same vigorous effort for 30 minutes on a stationary bike, she will burn: calories burned = 30 min × (6.8 × 3.5) × 140 ÷ 2.2 200. calories burned = 227 calories. This illustrates how the form of biking, and not simply ...Mountain biking is a sport with high energy demand, on average a mountain biker will burn 600 to 900 calories in 60 minutes of riding and 65 to 100 calories per mile depending on the rider’s body weight. To burn one pound of body fat a mountain biker needs roughly 4 to 5 hours of riding. The main purpose of this article is to give you all the ...Calories Burned After Motorcycle Riding. As we mentioned, you can use up to 600 calories per hour, depending on your style as well as a motorcycle. Off-road adventures require more energy than commuting, so that’s also where you’ll burn most calories. Even a 20-minute ride on an off-road terrain can help you burn enough calories to feel ...Riding a motorcycle can burn between 200 and 600 calories per hour, depending on factors such as weight, intensity, and terrain. Motorcycle riding engages multiple muscle groups and provides a cardiovascular workout. Maintaining a certain level of fitness can enhance the riding experience and improve control of the bike.For instance with a ride of a few hours I'd guess a rider might burn in the region of 2000 calories. Compared to 400 calories used by the battery - so just a small percent of the energy the rider is burning! (Estimating calories burned from here: Calories Burned Cycling or Riding a Stationary Bike)The average person biking at a leisurely pace between 8-12 MPH will burn 300 – 480 calories for one hour of cycling. Of course, the number of biking calories …Nov 2, 2023 · Meanwhile, though unicycles seem the hardest to operate, you burn 163 calories more riding a stationary bike. Calories burned biking by weight. A person weighing 205 lbs will burn 425 more calories than a 130-lb person, going at a very vigorous speed biking for an hour. In doing the same task for the same amount of time, more energy is exerted ... If you’re looking for a leisurely ride around the neighborhood, a standard bicycle may be a fun option for going at your own pace. However, if you’re looking for a bike that’ll hel...According to Harvard University, biking at a moderate speed of 12 to 13.9 miles per hour will cause a 155-pound person to burn 298 …The 150-pound person riding a bike at a light pace of 5.5 miles per hour will burn 136 calories. If the ride is at a moderate cycling pace of 12 to 13 miles per hour, they’ll burn 272 calories. And if they’re riding at a fast cycling speed of 16 to 19 miles per hour, they’d have burned 408 calories in 30 minutes and about 800 calories per ...Key Takeaways. Factors that affect calorie burn while cycling include body weight, cycling speed, terrain, bike type, and level of exertion. Tracking heart rate during a ride can help estimate calories burned, but accuracy is affected by age, weight, gender, and fitness level.Because even a modest bike ride such as this will still help you burn somewhere around 250-500 calories. ... According to research conducted by Harvard University, a person weighing 155 pounds (70 kilograms) may burn 298 calories in 30 minutes of cycling at a moderate speed of 12 to 14 mph (19 to 22 kilometers per hour). At a pace of 14-16mph ...If you’re looking for a way to get more out of your cycling experience, an electric bike may be the perfect choice. In this guide, we’re sharing tips and tricks for riding an elect...1. Electric Bike: – Provides pedal assist, which means it helps you maintain speed with less effort. – Burns around 200 to 400 calories per hour, depending on factors like terrain, intensity level, and rider weight. – Offers adjustable assistance levels that allow riders to choose how much effort they want to exert. 2.Depending on your weight, you can burn between 75 to 140 calories in a 15 minute shower. A person always burns more calories by standing up which is required when showering. Additi...The number of calories you burn on a bike ride depends on a number of factors, but you can expect to burn about 50 to 60 calories per mile. The calories burned when you ride a bike is a big part of the equation. Does biking burn belly fat? Yes, cycling can help lose belly fat, but it will take time. A recent study showed that regular cycling ...Calories burned cycling / biking 1 hour Based on the speed and intensity of your ride, you can burn as little as 245 calories on a leisurely ride ( < 10 MPH) and as much as 1022 calories on a very vigorous ride (16-19 MPH). You burn 3x as many calories cycling at a very vigorous pace as you do at a leisurely one.597 calories burned for non-pedal assist mountain bikers * 369 calories for eMTB riders* (*both numbers are estimates of calories burned during the 5.5-mile loop) The regular mountain bike rider burned nearly 50% more calories over the same distance of single-track riding compared to the eMTB bicyclist.1. Electric Bike: – Provides pedal assist, which means it helps you maintain speed with less effort. – Burns around 200 to 400 calories per hour, depending on factors like terrain, intensity level, and rider weight. – Offers adjustable assistance levels that allow riders to choose how much effort they want to exert. 2.To convert walking speed from meters per second to kilometers per hour, multiply it by 3.6. To convert walking speed from feet per second to miles per hour, multiply it by 0.6818. From yards per second to miles per hour, multiply by 2.0454. To convert from inches per second to miles per hour, you multiply by 0.0568182.May 10, 2012 · 450 calories. 550 calories. Moderate Intensity 12–16 mph (19–26 kmh) 550 calories. 700 calories. Hard cycling 16–20 mph (26–32 kmh) 800 calories. 1000 calories. Calories burned cycling can contribute towards a healthy weight loss plan. Calories Burned While Cycling. Speed and weight determine calories burned: 15 mph = 0.049 calories per pound per minute; ... As a 220-pound cyclist, it costs me 43 calories per mile to ride. Toss the trailer on there and I’m burning roughly (very roughly) 60 calories per mile.Harvard Medical School reports a 155-pound person can burn about 260 calories riding an exercise bike for just 30 minutes. A 125-pound person would burn 210 calories in the same workout, while an 185-pound person would burn 311 calories.Jul 28, 2023 · Calories burned cycling and weight loss: the essential points To lose weight, you need to create a calorie deficit. The notion that some calories are ‘good’ while others are ‘bad’ is ... How do we calculate the amount of calories burned with Cycling 16 mph? This calculation uses the MET value (Metabolic Equivalent of Task) of Cycling 16 mph. The MET value of Cycling 16 mph = 11. We multiply the MET value with the person\'s body weight in kilogram. Then we multiply this with 0.0175 and the duration in minutes. A person weighs ...The study determined that a brisk, 30-minute walk on flat terrain for a 155-pound man burns about 149 calories. The same 155-pound man engaging in 30 minutes of bike riding burns about 290 calories. Right off the bat, in controlled conditions, it would seem that riding a bike is equal to walking for exercise, if not better.At least without some sort of medical reason for appetite suppression. But one would not build any muscle at such an absurd caloric deficit. BMR of say, 1600 kcal, plus say 200kcal from moving around, plus 1400 cycling is a total of 3,200 kcal burned per day, a deficit of 1,600 according to what OP states they eat.2. Calorie burn. The number of calories you burn in either exercise depends on the intensity and length of time you do it. In general, running burns more calories than cycling because it uses more ...Calories burned with maximum assistance: 97. At the highest level of pedal assistance, my Apple Watch indicated it took fewer than 100 calories of effort to ride an ebike for five …Mountain bikes can be tons of fun, and riding them can be great exercise. Manufacturers also continue to make big changes and improvements. If you’re new to biking or just picking ...How long it takes to burn 100 calories depends on the type of activity. Every activity, from breathing to step aerobics, burns calories. Everyday chores, such as sweeping and moppi...

Oct 1, 2019 · Harvard Medical School offers estimates for the number of calories you burn cycling, based on the speed of your ride. If a 125-pound cyclist rides for one hour at a speed of 12 to 13.9 miles per hour, he will burn 480 calories. This number increases to 596 calories for a 155-pound cyclist. A 185-pound cyclist burns 710 calories in a single hour. . App switcher on iphone

calories burned by bike riding

Sure, more calories could be burned on a fixed gear bike during a potentially shorter ride, but a heart rate that is elevated for a longer period of time can provide comparable fitness benefits. According to Treehugger.com riders …Does biking burn more calories than walking? Cycling burns more calories Cycling at a moderate speed of 20 km/h (12 mph) burns approximately 563 kcal per hour. And the difference is even bigger when we increase the intensity. A fast walking speed of 6.5 km/h (4 mph) burns 352 kcal per hour, while a fast cycling speed of 30 km/h (19 mph) …That depends on the intensity of your workout, and how much you weigh. Here’s an example of a 200-pound man riding 10 miles: 10 miles per hour = 400 calories. 12 miles per hour = 600 calories. 14 miles per hour = 1100 calories. Keep in mind that it isn’t the calories that matter. We can quickly reduce calories by eating less.Instead, they think that you need to be bicycling professionally to burn a substantial amount of calories. The average person biking at a leisurely pace between 8-12 MPH will burn 300 – 480 calories for one hour of cycling. Of course, the number of biking calories burned will be based on how intense you ride, your weight, and the time you ...28 Sept 2023 ... The average person can expect to burn between 450 to 750 calories per hour cycling. The number of calories burned depends on the weight of the ...* Cycling - Bike Tracker app allows you to set a goal that's right for you (number of burned calories, distance traveled or riding bike time, number of workouts) and get notification when they accomplish. * No locked Features, all features are 100% FREE. You can use all features without having to pay for them.Here’s a breakdown of the average number of calories burned per mile for riders of varying weights and speeds: 150-pound rider at 10 mph = 32-40 calories per mile. 150-pound rider at 12 mph = 40-50 calories per mile. 150-pound rider at 14 mph = 48-60 calories per mile. 200-pound rider at 10 mph = 43-54 calories per mile.May 22, 2014 · The exact number of calories burned during a bike ride can be difficult to gauge. On average, a 180 lb. cyclist riding at a moderate effort level will burn approximately 650 calories per hour. This number is a rough estimate; however, the precise number depends on a number of factors, not all of which are easy to quantify. The table represents ... Calories burned: Mass burned: grams. (fat and/or muscle) Someone weighting 70 Kg or 154.3 lb bike riding burns 93.3 calories in 10 minutes. This value is roughtly equivalent to 0.03 pound or 0.43 ounce or 12.1 grams of mass (fat and/or muscle). bike riding 3 times a week for 10 minutes will burn 0.32 pound or 0.15 Kg a month.The great news is that the faster you go the more calories you burn: 14-15.9mph = an extra 25% more calories burnt per hour of cycling. 16-19mph = 50% more calories. 20mph+ = 100% more calories! Now, you may not be able to maintain these higher speeds for the full duration of your cycle (yet!) But, the more often you go cycling, the fitter you ...Oct 11, 2019 · Going back to the typical 10-mile bike ride at a speed of 10 miles per hour, here's how different body weights break down: 100 pounds: 300 calories burned. 120 pounds: 360 calories burned. 140 pounds: 420 calories burned. 160 pounds: 480 calories burned. According to Harvard University, biking at a moderate speed of 12 to 13.9 miles per hour will cause a 155-pound person to burn 298 …Spread the love. a 150 person cycling a steady pace of 14 mph will burn 48 calories per mile, that same person traveling at 20 mph would burn 56 calories per mile. A 200 lb person biking at a normal speed of 14mph will burn 64 calories per mile, if they sped up to 20 mph this would increase to 75 calories per mile. Table of Contents show.May 2010. Kim - I don't know if this will help or not....but I have a walking route that involves two huge hills, it's 3.1 miles. The difference between walking by myself and pushing the stroller with kids (double stroller, 3.5 year-old is 34 pounds, 2-month old is 12.5 pounds plus his carseat) is about 150 calories.calories burned = 30 min × (14 × 3.5) × 140 ÷ 2.2 200. calories burned = 468 calories. If this same woman bikes at the same vigorous effort for 30 minutes on a stationary bike, she will burn: calories burned = 30 min × (6.8 × 3.5) × 140 ÷ 2.2 200. calories burned = 227 calories. This illustrates how the form of biking, and not simply ...Mar 15, 2022 · When he did the bike ride without electric assistance, he burned up 552 calories. So riding with electrical assistance resulted in burning only 20% less calories. Burning 440 calories in an hour is a big deal – done regularly, this kind of calorie burn could result in significant weight loss. These charts usually list calories burned for half an hour or full a full hour. To find the calories burned for other amounts of time, multiply the calories-burned estimate for your weight and speed by your time in minutes divided by 60. Suppose you ride a road bike for 15 minutes at 12 mph -- three miles -- and you weigh 155 lbs. You will burn ....

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