Under the Stream tab, click the streaming protocol you plan to use (RTMP, Zixi, or UDP; select RTMP if streaming via RTMPS). At the top of the module, configure a stream title and streaming quality. Click the gearwheel to adjust your aspect ratio or choose a default network for sending your stream. The URL (and Stream Key, if using RTMP) comes ...RTMPS provides additional protection against unauthorized interception with SSL or TSL encryption. WebRTC is secure because it mandates SRTP (Secure Real Time Protocol) encryption and a group of other standards (it is more than just a mere protocol, after all). The Internet Engineering Task Force, one of the organizations that helped ...The Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP) is a mature streaming protocol originally designed for streaming to Adobe Flash players. It has a reputation for reliability thanks to its TCP-based pack retransmit capabilities and adjustable buffers. Though Adobe ended support for Flash in 2020, RTMP remains in use as a protocol for live streaming video.A broadcaster sends a video stream to Twitch using any of several tools: Streaming encoder, normally a software implementation like Twitch Studio, Streamlabs, OBS Studio, or Xsplit. Consoles like Xbox One, Xbox Series S|X, Playstation 4, Playstation 5. Hardware video encoder. The tool sends a video signal captured from the broadcaster’s game ...Jan 16, 2024 · RTMP is a TCP-based protocol designed to maintain persistent, low-latency connections and seamless streaming experiences with extensions. Since this Flash plugin supported 98% of internet browsers in its golden age, RTMP streaming was used everywhere. However, at the end of 2020, Adobe ended RTMP support. This decision marks the end of the ... RTMPS is a protocol that encrypts the data transmitted between a client and a server during live streaming. Learn how RTMPS works, why it is important, and how it …February 12, 2024 11 min read. RTMP protocol stands as a cornerstone in video streaming technology. RTMP, or Real Time Messaging Protocol, is a set of rules that transmits audio, video, and other data over the internet. …WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication protocol): both UDP and TCP. WebRTC is an open-source standard for real-time communications supported by nearly every modern browser, including Safari, Google Chrome, Firefox, Opera, and others. WebRTC supports high-quality VP8 and VP9 (besides the old H.264), as well as the …RTMPS is Real-Time Messaging Protocol over an SSL/TLS network. The SSL/TLS network part of the equation just means that your data is better safeguarded from outside hosts trying to steal your info. …Yes, this is possible with stunnel, as RTMPS is just a RTMP session wrapped inside a standard TLS session. The examples on the Internet are mostly RTMP→RTMPS i.e. the stunnel is working as a plain text server and TLS client, which is configured with client = yes. Without that, the client defaults to no, which is the server …SRT is one of them. According to Haivision’s whitepaper, SRT’s performance was up to 12 times faster than that of RTMP. SRT also experienced no issues when streamed up to 20 Mbps to any location in the world, while RTMP could not perform long-distance streams at bitrates above 2 Mbps. Free 7-day trial. Cancel anytime.Send the OBS broadcast to the local rtmp server (rtmp://127.0.0.1/ [appname]/ [somekey]) and push the stream to regular rtmp services as usual with the push directive in the nginx.conf. Continue to use the Stunnel for other services that use secure streaming [rtmps] (facebook) However, to start the kick stream, no need to use Stunnel.Select your Wi-Fi and enter your password if prompted. Tap [Set Up Live Stream] once the connection is complete. It will take a minute to connect. GoPro Quik will give you some Live Stream Tips. Tap [Got It]. You will be provided a Share Stream Link. Tap [Go Live] once you're ready to start streaming.RTMPS is Real-Time Messaging Protocol over an SSL/TLS network. The SSL/TLS network part of the equation just means that your data is better safeguarded from outside hosts trying to steal your info. …In the Videon Web UI, first go to Encoder Control and underneath the "Outputs" section on the left hand side bar, click one of the three RTMP outputs. 2. After selecting a valid Video and Audio Source, select “YouTube” from the dropdown under “Streaming Providers”. 3. Click “Login to YouTube” in red below the dropdown.Mar 16, 2021 · RTMPS: uses a secure SSL connection to minimize the risk of cloud-based streaming, great for townhalls and corporate meetings. RTMPE: uses Adobe’s proprietary security encryption and is a lighter-weight encryption layer than RTMPS. RTMPT: encapsulated with HTTP to bypass firewalls and corporate traffic filtering. RTMFP: uses UDP instead of TCP Select your Wi-Fi and enter your password if prompted. Tap [Set Up Live Stream] once the connection is complete. It will take a minute to connect. GoPro Quik will give you some Live Stream Tips. Tap [Got It]. You will be provided a Share Stream Link. Tap [Go Live] once you're ready to start streaming.RTMPDump. rtmpdump is a toolkit for RTMP streams. All forms of RTMP are supported, including rtmp://, rtmpt://, rtmpe://, rtmpte://, and rtmps://. License: GPLv2Select your Wi-Fi and enter your password if prompted. Tap [Set Up Live Stream] once the connection is complete. It will take a minute to connect. GoPro Quik will give you some Live Stream Tips. Tap [Got It]. You will be provided a Share Stream Link. Tap [Go Live] once you're ready to start streaming. 如果已有 YouTube RTMPS 預設設定，請選取該預設設定。你可能也需要輸入從現場控制室取得的串流金鑰。完成後，即可開始直播。 如果編碼器沒有為 YouTube 預設 RTMPS 設定，請前往「設定伺服器網址」步驟。 步驟 2：設定伺服器網址. 你可以從現場控制室取得 RTMPS ... Tenha em atenção que vai continuar a ver o URL de RTMP habitual por predefinição, por isso, certifique-se de que obtém o URL de RTMPS. Abra a Sala de Controlo em Direto do YouTube. Clique no separador Stream ou agende uma nova stream. Em "Definições da stream", clique no ícone de cadeado no campo URL da stream para revelar o URL de … 1 Nagaan of er een RTMPS-voorinstelling is voor YouTube. Update je coderingsprogramma naar de nieuwste versie en ga na of er een ingebouwde instelling is om RTMPS te gebruiken op YouTube. Als er een RTMPS-voorinstelling voor YouTube is, selecteer je die voorinstelling. Je moet misschien ook je streamsleutel in de live regiekamer opgeven. See full list on dacast.com 1 – Make sure that the server URL is correct. Follow the steps in ' Set the server URL ' to make sure that the server URL is correct. Both the protocol and the server should be rtmps, not just rtmp. 2 – Specify the port number. If the URL looks correct but you still get an SSL error, try specifying the port 443 in the URL.Create a custom stream target (See step 2 on how to get the RTMPS credentials from Facebook Live Producer). See the screenshot below: Fill in the custom stream target details:-Choose RTMPS as the destination-Copy and paste the Primary URL (removing the rtmps:// in the beginning). It will be live-api-s.facebook.com:443/rtmp/RTSP is common for CCTV and IP camera streams. Wondering what RTSP is used for? RTSP, also known as Real-Time Streaming Protocol, is a lesser-known protocol for streaming video online. This protocol was designed to control the streaming media servers, used in entertainment and communications systems. RTSP servers sit between …RTMP. NGINX. Media. Stream Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Apple HTTP Live Streaming (HLS), and Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH). Support details: Supported by NGINX for active NGINX Plus subscribers. Supported OS versions: NGINX Plus Technical Specifications. Installation instructions: NGINX Plus Admin Guide.RTMPS refers to when RTMP streaming is tunneled through an encrypted SSL/TLS connection for security against man-in-the-middle attacks. YouTube Recommends HLS for Reliability. YouTube originally supported only RTMP when live streaming was introduced in 2011. However, in recent years YouTube has recommended switching to …RTMP Variations. RTMP variations include the following: Real-Time Messaging Protocol Server (RTMPS) – is quite like RTMP only that it has encryption, i.e., secure sockets layer (SSL) and Transport Layer …1. Kontrola předvolby pro protokol RTMPS na YouTube. Aktualizujte svůj kodér na nejnovější verzi a zkontrolujte integrované nastavení pro RTMPS na YouTube. Pokud vidíte předvolbu pro protokol RTMPS na YouTube, vyberte ji. Pravděpodobně také budete muset vložit klíč streamu z kontrolní místnosti pro přímé přenosy. Teď jste ... Sprawdź, czy Twój koder obsługuje RTMPS i czy znasz podstawy transmisji na żywo w YouTube. 1. Sprawdź, czy istnieje gotowe ustawienie RTMPS do YouTube. Zaktualizuj koder do najnowszej wersji i sprawdź, czy jest w nim ustawienie RTMPS do YouTube. Jeśli widzisz takie gotowe ustawienie, wybierz je. Konieczne może być podanie klucza ... Using RTMPS with vMix. vMix supports the use of RTMPS servers when streaming. This support began in vMix 21, so in order to use RTMPS you will need to have vMix 21 or later. If you purchased vMix in 2013 or later, you can update to vMix 21 for free. If you have purchased before 2013, you'll need to update to the latest version of vMix for …Figure 1: Add an app to your Teams Meeting. Next, search for the Customised Streaming (Preview) app, published by Microsoft, and add the app to the meeting (Figure 2): Figure 2: The Customised Streaming app enabled RTMP-out in Teams. The Customised Streaming app has only two options that need values; the RTMP URL for the stream, …RTMPS is the easiest way to protect your live stream. Living LIVE and streaming everyday moments to personal accounts on Facebook and YouTube is not a fad – it’s almost the norm for a generation weaned …Description. Platforms like Facebook abroad require encrypted transmission for security reasons, and they require support for the RTMPS protocol for streaming. It is hoped that SRS can also add this protocol. Expected Behavior. It is hoped that SRS can add support for the RTMPS protocol to ensure the security of streaming. 👍 1.After creating a Live application in Wowza Streaming Engine, it must be configured to send the stream to the RTMP destination. In the contents panel, click Stream Targets , then click Add Stream Target. On the Add Stream Target page under Generic Target Destinations, click RTMP to send the stream to an RTMP target.Facebook is planning to deprecate RTMP on May 1st on their Live API. They're encouraging users that use the streaming tool to use RTMPS, a more secure version of RTMP that includes TLS/SSL (a set cryptographic protocols for secure communication). Unfortunately, as of now, NGINX module nginx-rtmp-module doesn't support RTMPS …Explore our comprehensive guide on YouTube Live streaming with RTMPS. Learn how to find and use your RTMP URL, schedule streams, and securely broadcast meetings using Orivision Encoders. Discover the benefits of RTMPS encryption for high-quality, secure live streaming and get expert tips for a successful broadcast.Feb 25, 2021 · RTMPS is a secure form of RTMP that minimizes the risks of cloud-based streaming. For organizations looking for a secure way to live stream internally for all-hands meetings or town halls, RTMPS is paramount. As an example, Vimeo uses RTMPS as the default protocol for Livestream Studio to make it easier and safer to stream. Description. This Docker image can be used to create a video streaming server that supports RTMP, HLS, DASH out of the box. It also allows adaptive streaming and custom transcoding of video streams. All modules are built from source on … rtmp secure (rtmps): rtmps에서 rtmp 데이터는 https로 교환된다. 클라이언트(미디어 플레이어)에서 나오는 메시지는 https 기본 포트인 서버의 443번 포트로 들어간다. rtmpt와 rtmps는 http 헤더가 붙어서 터널링하지 않은 패킷보다는 상당히 더 크다. Yes, this is possible with stunnel, as RTMPS is just a RTMP session wrapped inside a standard TLS session. The examples on the Internet are mostly RTMP→RTMPS i.e. the stunnel is working as a plain text server and TLS client, which is configured with client = yes. Without that, the client defaults to no, which is the server …May 5, 2023 · Learn what RTMP is, how it works, and how to use it for live video streaming. Find out which platforms accept RTMP streams and how to set up a RTMP stream with Restream. Security. Next, how secure are RTMP and WebRTC? In the former’s case, there are different variations called RTMPS (the “S” referring to an added security layer) and ERTMP (the “E” referring to additional encryption, which is actually a simpler version than RTMPS). RTMPS provides additional protection against unauthorized interception with …After installation you will need to enable and configure the module in NGINX Plus configuration file nginx.conf. Enable dynamic loading of the module with the load_module directive specified in the top-level (“ main ”) context: Copy. load_module modules/ngx_rtmp_module.so; Perform additional configuration as required by the module.Nov 21, 2023 · The RTMP streaming process revolves around three key players: an encoder, a streaming server, and a media player. Step 1: Capture: Your camera and microphone work their charm, capturing your great video and audio. Step 2: Enchant with Encoding: The RTMP encoder takes your video and audio, breaks them down into tiny pieces of data, and sends ... RTMPS is the easiest way to protect your live stream. Living LIVE and streaming everyday moments to personal accounts on Facebook and YouTube is not a fad – it’s almost the norm for a generation weaned …Amazon.com: AVKANS PTZ Camera, HDMI PTZ Camera with 20X Zoom and Simultaneous 3G-SDI HDMI IP Live Streaming AI Tracking PTZ Camera for Church …See full list on dacast.com RTMP-In is a Teams Premium feature for all meeting and event formats, except town halls. As an admin, you can enable RTMP-In for meeting and event organizers. Organizers with this enabled policy can access the RTMP link and key needed to start streaming from the encoder through their Meeting options. The incoming RTMP feed …Learn how to add RTMP as a source to OBS Studio and stream live videos with ease. This tutorial is for people who need to broadcast online events.Streaming dengan RTMP/RTMPS. 1. Luncurkan LUMIX Sync dan mulai pengaturan. Pilih [Lainnya] dan [Live streaming]. Pilih [Streaming dengan RTMP/RTMPS]. 2. PengaturanStreaming. Pilih titik akses wireless. *Jika daftar smartphone yang ingin Anda hubungkan tidak ditampilkan, aktifkan kembali fungsi tethering ke "OFF/ON".Amazon.com: AVKANS PTZ Camera, HDMI PTZ Camera with 20X Zoom and Simultaneous 3G-SDI HDMI IP Live Streaming AI Tracking PTZ Camera for Church …RTMP-In is a Teams Premium feature for all meeting and event formats, except town halls. As an admin, you can enable RTMP-In for meeting and event organizers. Organizers with this enabled policy can access the RTMP link and key needed to start streaming from the encoder through their Meeting options. The incoming RTMP feed …May 5, 2023 · Learn what RTMP is, how it works, and how to use it for live video streaming. Find out which platforms accept RTMP streams and how to set up a RTMP stream with Restream. Right now, The DJI Drone Products only can livestream via RTMP protocol. All sites are now switching over to RTMPS (just means secure) BUT it works the same way. 1. enter RTMPS address in Transmision livesteam settiings. 2 enter forward slash and add the stream key. Problem is only RTMP is Supported on the DJI FLY APP or DRONE …After creating a Live application in Wowza Streaming Engine, it must be configured to send the stream to the RTMP destination. In the contents panel, click Stream Targets , then click Add Stream Target. On the Add Stream Target page under Generic Target Destinations, click RTMP to send the stream to an RTMP target. Run a container with the command above. Open OBS Studio. Click the "Settings" button. Go to the "Stream" section. In "Stream Type" select "Custom Streaming Server" Sep 14, 2022 · RTMPS is an RTMPE over a secure TLS/SSL connection. The underlying algorithm of RTMPE remains the same, but a secure SSL connection precludes a man-in-the-middle attack from unknown third parties. However there is still the case in which the client can grants access to a third party. Through this user can download the stream content. You can stream to YouTube Live with RTMPS, a secure extension to the popular RTMP streaming video protocol. It is RTMP over a Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL) …Sep 14, 2022 · RTMPS is an RTMPE over a secure TLS/SSL connection. The underlying algorithm of RTMPE remains the same, but a secure SSL connection precludes a man-in-the-middle attack from unknown third parties. However there is still the case in which the client can grants access to a third party. Through this user can download the stream content. Thanks for the hint, but it is related to RTMP and it don't treat RTMPS, however it states that VLC 2.1 does not support RTMPE, so maybe also RTMPS could be not supported. However I'm on VLC 3.0 but knowing this I can check if this problems are still present in 3.0 version –Create a Session. Click the Broadcasting tab. Select Accelevents RTMP as a Stream Provider. Copy the information available on the Streaming Key. Notes: If you change the stream provider and put it back to RTMP, it will generate a new streaming key. If you plan to add captions, turn on one of the captioning toggles during your session setup.RTMPs. In addition to RTMP, there is also a secure version of the protocol called RTMPs (RTMP over Secure Sockets Layer). RTMPs use the same underlying protocol as RTMP but add an additional layer of security by encrypting the data being transmitted between the client and the server using the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) …Once these manual keys are generated they can be entered as a custom RTMPS destination on Teradek's hardware encoders, Live:Air Solo or Live:Air Action, or with the Core or Sharelink cloud services. Step 3 . 实时消息协议. 实时消息协议 （英語： Real-Time Messaging Protocol ，缩写 RTMP ）也称 实时消息传输协议 ，是最初由 Macromedia 为通过 互联网 在 Flash播放器 与一个 服务器 之间传输 流媒体 音频 、 视频 和数据而开发的一个 专有协议 （英语：Proprietary protocol ... Thanks for the hint, but it is related to RTMP and it don't treat RTMPS, however it states that VLC 2.1 does not support RTMPE, so maybe also RTMPS could be not supported. However I'm on VLC 3.0 but knowing this I can check if this problems are still present in 3.0 version –The required internet uplink connection bandwidth for ingesting your live stream in optimal conditions should be at least twice the encoder video output bitrate value. It is recommended to use a wired connection for greater bandwidth stability. If you are using a shared network (e.g. office), ask your IT to dedicate/reserve bandwidth for your ... After installation you will need to enable and configure the module in NGINX Plus configuration file nginx.conf. Enable dynamic loading of the module with the load_module directive specified in the top-level (“ main ”) context: Copy. load_module modules/ngx_rtmp_module.so; Perform additional configuration as required by the module. rtmp secure (rtmps): rtmps에서 rtmp 데이터는 https로 교환된다. 클라이언트(미디어 플레이어)에서 나오는 메시지는 https 기본 포트인 서버의 443번 포트로 들어간다. rtmpt와 rtmps는 http 헤더가 붙어서 터널링하지 않은 패킷보다는 상당히 더 크다. Jan 19, 2021. #2. YouTube Live Streaming Ingestion Protocol Comparison (google.com) In short, HLS is "better for 4K resolution because of HEVC support. Supports HDR. Not suitable for ultra-low latency." It's worth noting that OBS doesn't support HDR, and we don't expose HEVC support.Jun 24, 2022 · RTMPS, for example, is RTMP with an added layer of security, and it is primarily used for streaming over public networks. RTMPE is the variation of RTMP with an added layer of encryption. RTMPT is a special variation that is suited for bypassing firewalls. I'm trying to set up a streaming service using Nginx-rtmp. The config file is . rtmp { server { listen 1935; chunk_size 4000; # video on demand for flv files application vod { play /var/flvs; } # video on demand for mp4 files application vod2 { play /var/mp4s; } } }RTMP streaming protocol, Transmission Control Protocol-based technology, was developed by Macromedia for streaming audio, video, and data over the Internet, between a Flash player and a server. Macromedia was purchased by its rival Adobe Inc. on December 3, 2005. RTMP stands for Real-Time Messaging Protocol and it was once the …Run a container with the command above. Open OBS Studio. Click the "Settings" button. Go to the "Stream" section. In "Stream Type" select "Custom Streaming Server"After creating a Live application in Wowza Streaming Engine, it must be configured to send the stream to the RTMP destination. In the contents panel, click Stream Targets , then click Add Stream Target. On the Add Stream Target page under Generic Target Destinations, click RTMP to send the stream to an RTMP target. rtmps - https を使い、ssl で暗号化されたプロトコル RTMPE - ディフィー・ヘルマン鍵共有 に基づき暗号化されたRTMP。 設計に欠陥があり、中間者攻撃が可能という脆弱性が存在する [2] [3] ため、RTMPSを使う方が望ましい [3] 。 RTMP.IN allows you to conduct a live video broadcast from your personal computer or to quickly restream any YouTube video in just a matter of moments. You can even select any online or local streaming service you want including XSplit, vMix, OBS, Restream, Wirecast, VidBlasterX, StreamYard, CameraFi, and OneStream, as well as Melon, or ...
For enhanced performance and usability, RTMP or RTMPS can be utilized for pulling the stream. Conversely, when considering delivery, HLS is preferred for its sustainability and scalability, .... Blackbox.io
The RTMP protocol has multiple variations: RTMP proper, the "plain" protocol which works on top of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and uses port number 1935 by default. RTMPS, which is RTMP over a Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL) connection. RTMPE, which is RTMP encrypted using Adobe's own security mechanism. The native IVS broadcast SDKs, which support RTMPS.We recommended this, especially for production scenarios. The Amazon IVS console — This is suitable for testing streams.. Other streaming software and hardware encoders — You can use any streaming encoder that supports the RTMP, RTMPS, or SRT protocols.In the early days of streaming, RTMP (Real-Time Messaging Protocol) streaming protocol was the de facto standard for transporting video over the internet (or …Forcing RTMPS support applies to both the manual RTMP and Facebook platforms. Firmware vesion 3.1.6 improves RTMPS performance, but it is still advisable to use RTMP if possible; 3.1.6 Firmware. Enable RTMPS option is present on the Broadcast settings page in the web UI. It is disabled by default. Set it to enabled to use RTMPS. 3.1.5 FirmwareTo associate your repository with the rtmp-server topic, visit your repo's landing page and select "manage topics." GitHub is where people build software. More than 100 million people use GitHub to discover, fork, and contribute to over 420 million projects.RTMPS is Real-Time Messaging Protocol over an SSL/TLS network. The SSL/TLS network part of the equation just means that your data is better safeguarded from outside hosts trying to steal your info. …Helix Universal Server can support RTMP, RTMPT and RTMPS streaming for live and on-demand content. (Discontinued in 2014) Red5 Media Server is a Java open source project. Unreal Media Server supports live RTMP streaming, in real-time and buffered modesRTMPS. is particularly valuable for streaming on cell phones over public internet networks since it is encrypted with an extra layer of security. Five RTMP Variations: Five different variations of RTMP are used today. 1. RTMP: Plain TCP-based protocol. 2. RTMPS: Incorporates a secure SSL connection for cloud-based streaming. RTMPS is …Learn what RTMP is, how it works, and how to use it for live video streaming. Find out which platforms accept RTMP streams, what you need to set up a RTMP stream, and how to multistream with Restream. Expand the Advanced Settings section to reveal the Server URL. The Stream Key and Server URL will be used in the Live module. Copy the Server URL to the clipboard. In the Live module, paste the Server URL into the RTMP Output URL field on the Control Room page. Copy the Stream Key from Facebook to the clipboard. RTMP is a network protocol for streaming media content over the internet with low latency and high quality. Learn about its variations, history, security issues, and applications for live video streaming.RTMPS is Real-Time Messaging Protocol over an SSL/TLS network. The SSL/TLS network part of the equation just means that your data is better safeguarded from outside hosts trying to steal your info. …How to change IP Camera’s RTSP stream to RTMP/RTMPS for live streaming platforms? You can use OBS or Oryx. OBS requires a device, while Oryx works on a cloud server and in the backend. See the workflow below. IP Camera ---RTSP---> OBS or Oryx ---RTMP/RTMPS---> YouTube, Twitch, or FacebookJun 28, 2023 · RTMP is a well-established protocol for low-latency streaming and interactive features, whereas RTMPS adds an additional layer of security for secure live streaming. Evaluate the features, compatibility with your streaming platform, and the desired level of security to make an informed decision. By comprehending the distinctions between these ... RTMP-In is a Teams Premium feature for all meeting and event formats, except town halls. As an admin, you can enable RTMP-In for meeting and event organizers. Organizers with this enabled policy can access the RTMP link and key needed to start streaming from the encoder through their Meeting options. The incoming RTMP feed …Nov 13, 2023 · RTMPS refers to when RTMP streaming is tunneled through an encrypted SSL/TLS connection for security against man-in-the-middle attacks. YouTube Recommends HLS for Reliability. YouTube originally supported only RTMP when live streaming was introduced in 2011. However, in recent years YouTube has recommended switching to HLS where available. Learn what RTMP (Real-Time Messaging Protocol) is, how it works, and why it's important for live streaming. Discover the features, benefits, and variations of RTMP, and how to use it with Dacast.You can stream to YouTube Live with RTMPS, a secure extension to the popular RTMP streaming video protocol. It is RTMP over a Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL) …Step 1 - Stream Key + Server URL. Please ensure you are logged into your Kick.com account you wish to stream from and visit your creator dashboard. Click the " Settings " menu item. Click " Stream Key ". We'll be using the above in the next step..